Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Kualitas Hasil Panen Tanaman Tomat yang Ditanam Secara Hidroganik Menggunakan Vermikompos
Keywords:
Growth, Yield, Quality, Tomato, VermicompostAbstract
Abstrak: Sistem budidaya hidroponik menggunakan substrat telah banyak dipraktekkan untuk produksi tanaman hortikultura. Sistem budidaya ini lebih disukai oleh masyarakat karena produk yang dihasilkan lebih hyginis dan bebas pestisida kimia. Namun aplikasi pupuk organik khususnya vermikompos masih jarang digunakan dalam system budidaya ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi vermikompos terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas buah tomat dengan sistem hidroganik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di greenhouse di kelurahan Dinoyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang Jawa Timur. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan enam perlakuan yang terdiri dari lima level dosis vermikompos: 150, 300, 450, 600, dan 750 g vermikompos per pot ditambah satu perlakuan anorganik sebagai pembanding. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali dan tiap perlakuan ada empat sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis aplikasi vermikompos hingga dosis 600 g/pot meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat. Peningkatan dosis vermikompos 750 g/pot memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan 600 g/pot. Namun pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat yang menggunakan vermikompos lebih rendah secara signifikan (P<0.05) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan anorganik. Kualitas buah tomat yang diukur dari kandungan vitamin C dan kandungan gula pada perlakuan yang menggunakan vermikompos lebih tinggi secara signifikan (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan anorganik.
.
Abstract: Hydroponic cultivation systems using substrates have been widely practiced for the production of horticultural crops. This cultivation system is preferred by the community because the products produced are more hygienic and free of chemical pesticides. However, the application of organic fertilizers, especially vermicompost, is rarely used in this cultivation system. This study aimed to determine the effect of vermicompost application on the growth, yield and quality of tomatoes using a hydrogenic system. The research was carried out in a greenhouse in Dinoyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments consisting of five levels of vermicompost dosage: 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 g vermicompost per pot plus one inorganic treatment for comparison. Each treatment was repeated five times and each treatment had four samples. The results of this study showed that increasing the dose of vermicompost up to a dose of 600 g/pot increased the growth and yield of tomato plants. Increasing the dose of vermicompost 750 g/pot gave growth and yields that were not significantly different from 600 g/pot. However, the growth and yield of tomato plants using vermicompost were significantly lower (P<0.05) when compared to inorganic treatments. Tomato fruit quality as measured by vitamin C content and sugar content in the treatment using vermicompost was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the inorganic treatment.
References
Afifi, L. N., Wardiyati, T., & Koesriharti, K. (2018). Respon Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill) Terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Yang Berbeda. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 5(5).
Agustina, A. (2004). Pengaruh Pemupukan, Berat dan Ukuran Benih Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) Asal Salatiga Terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Di Persemaian dan Lapangan.
Asaduzzaman, M., Saifullah, M., Mollick, A. S. R., Hossain, M. M., Halim, G., & Asao, T. (2015). Influence of soilless culture substrate on improvement of yield and produce quality of horticultural crops. Soilless Culture-Use of Substrates for the Production of Quality Horticultural Crops. Intech, 1–32.
Cardoso, R. D. D., Hartati, E., & Kleden, M. M. (2021). Pengaruh Penggantian Tepung Ikan Dengan Tepung Daun Kelor Dalam Konsentrat Terhadap Pemanfaatan Energi Ternak Kambing Yang Diberi Pakan Silase Campuran Rumput Kume-Daun Gamal: The Effect of Fish Meal Substitution by Moringa Leaves Meal In Concentrate on Energy Utilization of Kacang Goats Fed Mixed Silage of Kume Grass-Gliricidia Leaves. Jurnal Peternakan Lahan Kering, 3(3), 1594–1601.
Fatahillah, F. (2017). Uji Penambahan Berbagai Dosis Vermikompos Cacing (LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Cabai Rawit (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS L.). Jurnal Biotek, 5(2), 191–204.
Hochmuth, G. (1990). Fertilizer programs for tomatoes in Florida. Proc.
Indriasti, R. (2013). Analisis Usaha Sayuran Hidroponik pada PT Kebun Sayur Segar Kabupaten Bogor.
Lazcano, C., & DomÃnguez, J. (2011). The use of vermicompost in sustainable agriculture: Impact on plant growth and soil fertility. Soil Nutrients, 10(1–23), 187.
Mashur, M., Agustin, A. L. D., Istaâ, N. S., Multazam, A., & Ningsih, M. (2020). Gelar Teknologi Pengolahan Kotoran Sapi dan Limbah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Eksmecat untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat. Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service), 2(3), 86–94.
Nurhidayati, N., Ali, U., & Murwani, I. (2016). Yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata) under organic growing media using vermicompost and earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus inoculation. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 11, 5–13.
Nurhidayati, N., Machfudz, M., & Basit, A. (n.d.). Yield and Nutritional Quality of Green Leafy Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) under Soilless Culture System Using Various Composition of Growing Media and Vermicompost Rates. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36(2), 201–212.
Nurhidayati, N., Machfudz, M., & Murwani, I. (2018). Direct and residual effect of various vermicompost on soil nutrient and nutrient uptake dynamics and productivity of four mustard Pak-Coi (Brassica rapa L.) sequences in organic farming system. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 7(2), 173–181.
Nurhidayati, N., Machfudz, M., & Rahmawati, N. U. S. (n.d.). Pengaruh Aplikasi Vermikompos terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kandungan Hara serta Hasil Tanaman Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) pada Budidaya Tanpa Tanah (Effect of Vermicompost Application on Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield of Green Lettuce (Lactuca sativ. Jurnal Hortikultura, 30(2).
Nurhidayati, U. A., & Murwani, I. (2015). Influence of the kind of vermicompost material and earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus population on the yield and quality of phak-coi mustard (Brassica rapa L.) with organic potting media. 168–176.
Oka, A. A. (2012). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kascing terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomea reptans poir). Jurnal Sains MIPA Universitas Lampung, 13(1).
Putra, A. D., Mardiyani, S. A., & Nurhidayati, N. (n.d.). Peran Vermikompos terhadap Morfofisiologi Kangkung Hidroganik. Agrotechnology Research Journal, 4(2), 70–76.
Rajapakse, N. C., & Shahak, Y. (2008). 12 Light-quality manipulation by horticulture industry. Annual Plant Reviews, Light and Plant Development, 30, 290.
Smith, J. M. (2005). Europe after Rome: A new cultural history 500-1000. Oxford University Press.
Sotelo-Cardona, P., Lin, M.-Y., & Srinivasan, R. (2021). Growing Tomato under Protected Cultivation Conditions: Overall Effects on Productivity, Nutritional Yield, and Pest Incidences. Crops, 1(2), 97–110.
Sutanto, R. (2002). Penerapan pertanian organik: Pemasyarakatan dan pengembangannya. Kanisius.
Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J., GarcÃa-MartÃnez, A., & Parrado, J. (2008). Effects of different green manures on soil biological properties and maize yield. Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1758–1767.
Villareal, R. L. (1980). Tomatoes in the tropics. Bowker Publishing Company.
Widodo, W., Vu, J. C., Boote, K. J., Baker, J. T., & Allen Jr, L. H. (2003). Elevated growth CO2 delays drought stress and accelerates recovery of rice leaf photosynthesis. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 49(3), 259–272.
Wijaya, A. S., Sangadji, M. N., & Muhardi, M. (2015). Produksi dan kualitas produksi buah tomat yang diberi berbagai konsentrasi pupuk organik cair. AGROTEKBIS: E-JURNAL ILMU PERTANIAN, 3(6), 689–696.
Zhao-Hui, L., Jiang, L.-H., Xiao-Lin, L., Härdter, R., Zhang, W.-J., Zhang, Y.-L., & ZHENG, D.-F. (2008). Effect of N and K fertilizers on yield and quality of greenhouse vegetable crops. Pedosphere, 18(4), 496–502.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish articles in procceding of Seminar Nasional Karya Pengabdian agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright of the article and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC-BY-SA or The Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
