Adaptation of local lowland rice from West Sumatra on growth, yield, and pest and disease resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v11i1.20504Keywords:
phenotype, grain, brown planthopperAbstract
Rice is a strategic food commodity that needs to be maintained for production stability. This can be done by testing various aspects of both productivity and resistance to pests and diseases. West Sumatra has genetic resources of paddy rice that can be developed into superior varieties. Rice paddy genotypes that have been released into varieties such as Batang Anai, Anak Daro, Bakwan, and Marapulai. But there are also many that have not been made into varieties, including Bujang Marantau, Kuriak Kusuik, Kuriak Putiah, which are still cultivated by farmers. Therefore, testing the adaptability of local paddy rice genotypes is one of the initial strategies. The experiment was conducted on paddy fields in 2 (two) locations, Tolatang Kamang and Ampek Angkek Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The experiment was conducted from February to June 2022.  The experiment used a Randomised Block Design with 3 blocks. Treatments consisted of 5 (five) phenotypes including; Kusuik Putiah, Kuriak Kusuik, Kuriak Putiah, Ampek Bulan Putiah, and Cantik Manis. Variables observed in the field during plant growth from the vegetative, generative phase to harvest include; plant height, number of productive tillers per clump, panicle length, flowering age, number of grains per panicle, number of full grains per panicle, harvest age, weight of 1,000 grains, dry grain weight per ha, resistance to brown stem leafhopper, and bacterial leaf blight. Observational data were analyzed statistically using the STATISTIX ver 8.0 program. Brown planthopper pest attack was observed by referring to the criteria set by IRRI. The results of the study can be concluded, Kusuik Putih is one of the local paddy rice genotypes from West Sumatra that can be proposed as a candidate for new superior varieties with dry grain weight reaching 6.95 t per ha, but, bacterial leaf blight resistance is still classified as susceptible to moderately vulnerable, followed by other local rice such as Kuriak Putiah (5.92 t.ha 1), Cantik Manis (5.55 t.ha 1), Ampek Bulan Putiah (5.30 t.ha 1), and Kuriak Kusuik (4.95 t.ha 1), which are moderately resistant to brown stem leafhopper and bacterial leaf blight.
References
Ali, J., & Wani, S. H. (2021). Rice improvement: Physiological, molecular breeding and genetic perspectives. In Rice Improvement: Physiological, Molecular Breeding and Genetic Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2
Bekis, D., Mohammed, H., & Belay, B. (2021). International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences Genetic Divergence and Cluster Analysis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes at Fogera, Northwestern Ethiopia. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci, 8(5), 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.05.001
DIANAWATI, M. (2015). Kajian berbagai varietas unggul terhadap serangan wereng batang coklat dan produksi padi di lahan sawah Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010437
Ediwirman, Salfiati, Putra, O. (2023). Uji penampilan genotip cabai loka Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Agrotek UMMAT, 10(3), 10. 251-260
Fatimah, F., & Prasetiyono, J. (2020). Pemanfaatan Piramida Gen Ketahanan Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Dalam Mendukung Perakitan Varietas Unggul Padi. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 39(1), 11.
Flavio, B., & Guedes, C. A. S. (2013). Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(35).
IRRI. (2014). Standard evaluation system for rice. International Rice Research Institute.
Kadir, A., Jahuddin, R., Pratama, T., & Halim, A. N. (2023). Penampilan Genotipe Mutan Padi Gogo Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Di Lahan Sawah Pada Musim Tanaman Kering. Journal Agroecotech Indonesia (JAI), 2(01), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.59638/jai.v2i01.40
Li, G., Tang, J., Zheng, J., & Chu, C. (2021). Exploration of rice yield potential: Decoding agronomic and physiological traits. Crop Journal, 9(3), 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2021.03.014
Li, G., Zhang, H., Li, J., Zhang, Z., & Li, Z. (2021). Genetic control of panicle architecture in rice. Crop Journal, 9(3), 590–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2021.02.004
Ling, Y., & Weilin, Z. (2016). Genetic and biochemical mechanisms of rice resistance to planthopper. Plant Cell Reports, 35(8), 1559–1572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-1962-6
Lu, Y., Chuan, M., Wang, H., Chen, R., Tao, T., Zhou, Y., Xu, Y., Li, P., Yao, Y., Xu, C., & Yang, Z. (2022). Genetic and molecular factors in determining grain number per panicle of rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.964246
Muliarta A, I. G. P., Sutresna, I. W., & Kisman. (2022). Uji daya hasil galur galur padi beras merah dan hitam di lahan gogo dataran rendah. Prosiding SAINTEK, 4(November 2021), 23–24.
Mumpuni, R. P., & Rohmah, A. J. (2021). Application of biological control Paenibacillus polymyxa toward bacterial leaf blight disease in rice plant. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 637(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/637/1/012040
Nasution, E. K. I., Satria, B., & Gustian, G. (2018). Evaluation of Various Local Rice Genotypes in the Mandailing Natal Province of North Sumatra. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(6), 2222–2225. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.37
Nazirah, L., Purba, E., Hanum, C., & Rauf, A. (2016). Characterization of Tolerant Upland Rice to Drought on Rooting and Physiology. Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 3(2), 43–49.
Putra, O., Salfiati, S., & Wirman, E. E. (2023). Performance and Pest and Disease Resistance Tests Local Genotype of Lowland Rice. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (Juatika), 5(1), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v5i1.2694
Roy, S. C., & Shil, P. (2020). Assessment of Genetic Heritability in Rice Breeding Lines Based on Morphological Traits and Caryopsis Ultrastructure. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63976-8
Sudewi, S., Ala, A., Baharuddin, B., & BDR, M. F. (2020). Keragaman Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) pada Tanaman Padi Varietas Unggul Baru (VUB) dan Varietas Lokal pada Percobaan Semi Lapangan. Agrikultura, 31(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v31i1.25046
Sudir, & Yuliani, D. (2016). Composition and distribution of xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae pathotypes, the pathogen of rice bacterial leaf blight in Indonesia. Agrivita, 38(2), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v38i2.588
Wijayanto, T., Boer, D., Aco, A., Mu’Min, N., Khaeruni, A., Asniah, Rahni, N. M., Hisein, W. S. A., Arsyad, M. A., Mudi, L., Satrah, V. N., & Karimuna, L. (2022). Application of local microbes increases growth and yield of several local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish articles in Jurnal Agrotek Ummatagree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright of the article and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC-BY-SA or The Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
