Jurnal Agrotek Ummat

Development of data acquisition biogas monitoring system based on IoT

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

The development of microcontroller and semiconductor technology continues to increase in line with demands for system control and monitoring, including in the context of renewable energy. This control and monitoring process is also applied in biogas production. Conventional biogas plants in the field are not monitored so that communities face various challenges including a lack of organic material (low organic loading rate) and overload (excessive organic loading rate). Overloading slows or stops the anaerobic digestion process and can cause total system damage. Furthermore, another challenge that arises from inadequate or nonexistent monitoring of biogas plants is poor production due to excessive temperature fluctuations or inappropriate temperature ranges for various types of methanogenic bacteria. this research introduces an innovative monitoring system capable of accurately tracking several key parameters, including air temperature and humidity (DHT22), organic material temperature (DS18B20), and biogas pressure (MPX5700DP). This solution is built on the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, utilizing Arduino as the sensor data processor and Wemos D1 Mini as the wifi module connecting the system to the IoT platform, Cayenne. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of the biogas installation during that specific time period. With the implementation of this monitoring system, it is anticipated that the efficiency and stability of biogas production can be improved through accurate and real-time monitoring of key variables in the biogas production process. Analysis of monitoring data reveals that the highest air temperature generally occurs during the daytime, particularly between 13:00 and 14:00, while the lowest air temperature is recorded in the morning around 05:00 to 06:00 on rainless days. Additionally, organic material temperature exhibits fluctuations, with the lowest point typically occurring between 06:00 and 09:00, and the highest point between 15:00 and 20:00. Biogas pressure reaches its peak on the sixth day, namely on January 10, 2022, at around 13:00, with pressure reaching 3.9 kPa.

Formulation of moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) and red ginger powder (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) on the chemical characteristics of herbal drink

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

Herbal drinks are one of the most popular drinks for consumption because of health benefits. Herbal drinks are drinks that made from plants (dry form) such as flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, rhizomes, leaves and so on. Moringa leaves are plants whose leaf parts are often processed into herbal drinks. The high antioxidant in moringa leaves can improve the function of herbal drinks, but moringa leaves has an unpleasant aroma. Therefore, red ginger is used to improve the sensory and chemical quality of herbal drink. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best proportion of the main ingredients on the chemical quality of herbal drink products. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 7 treatments of material proportions, namely JK0 (Moringa leaf powder 0%: red ginger powder 100%), JK1 (Moringa leaf powder 15%: red ginger powder 85%), JK2 (Moringa leaf powder 35%: 65% red ginger powder), JK3 (50% moringa leaf powder: 50% red ginger powder), JK4 (65% moringa leaf powder: 35% red ginger powder), JK5 (85% moringa leaf powder: 15% red ginger powder) and JK6 (100% moringa leaf powder: 0% red ginger powder). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and 21 experimental units were obtained. Based on the results of the analysis of variance and Tukey's further test (5%), it is known that the proportion of moringa leaf powder and red ginger powder produces a significant effect on chemical quality (water content, pH and antioxidant activity) in herbal drink. The best treatment for the proportion of moringa leaf powder and red ginger powder was produced by JK5 (85% moringa leaf powder: 15% red ginger powder) with chemical quality, like water content of 4.56% (suitable SNI 4324-2014), pH with a value of 5.16 and antioxidant activity with a value of 65.96%.

Dose of NPK phonska fertilizer in baby corn sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Strut) plants to entisol

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

Baby corn sweet corn is a type of vegetable that has high potential to be developed. Baby corn sweet cornÂ is popular and desirable and can grow and produce optimally on all types of soil. Sweet baby corn productivity must be continuously improved by maintaining soil fertility and using superior varieties. Maintaining soil fertility by fertilizing is a priority activity in sweet baby corn cultivation.Â The recommended fertilizer to be added in sweet baby corn cultivation is NPK Phonska fertilizer. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of various doses of NPK Phonska fertilizer on the yield of sweet corn baby corn (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt) on Entisol soil.Â The research was carried out in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nahdlatul Wathan University Mataram in Perampuan Village which was carried out within a period of 3 months. The design used in this study is a completely randomized design (CRD) using one treatment, namely the treatment of NPK phonska fertilizer dose (P) with five treatment levels, namely: P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4. Each treatment was multiplied 3 times and made serial plants so that each experimental unit would consist of 2 plant samples. The number of polybag pots in this study was 30 polybag pots. The results illustrated that the highest sweet baby corn yield parameters were found at the treatment level with a dose of 200 kg/ha NPK phonska fertilizer. The application of NPK phonska fertilizer 200 kg/ha can increase the cob length and cob diameter of sweet baby corn both with and without cob.

Adaptation of local lowland rice from West Sumatra on growth, yield, and pest and disease resistance

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

Rice is a strategic food commodity that needs to be maintained for production stability. This can be done by testing various aspects of both productivity and resistance to pests and diseases.Â West Sumatra has genetic resources of paddy rice that can be developed into superior varieties.Â Rice paddy genotypes that have been released into varieties such as Batang Anai, Anak Daro, Bakwan, and Marapulai.Â But there are also many that have not been made into varieties, including Bujang Marantau, Kuriak Kusuik, Kuriak Putiah, which are still cultivated by farmers. Therefore, testing the adaptability of local paddy rice genotypes is one of the initial strategies.Â The experiment was conducted on paddy fields in 2 (two) locations, Tolatang Kamang and Ampek Angkek Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The experiment was conducted from February to June 2022.Â Â The experiment used a Randomised Block Design with 3 blocks. Treatments consisted of 5 (five) phenotypes including; Kusuik Putiah, Kuriak Kusuik, Kuriak Putiah, Ampek Bulan Putiah, and Cantik Manis.Â Variables observed in the field during plant growth from the vegetative, generative phase to harvest include; plant height, number of productive tillers per clump, panicle length, flowering age, number of grains per panicle, number of full grains per panicle, harvest age, weight of 1,000 grains, dry grain weight per ha, resistance to brown stem leafhopper, and bacterial leaf blight. Observational data were analyzed statistically using the STATISTIX ver 8.0 program.Â Brown planthopper pest attack was observed by referring to the criteria set by IRRI.Â The results of the study can be concluded, Kusuik Putih is one of the local paddy rice genotypes from West Sumatra that can be proposed as a candidate for new superior varieties with dry grain weight reaching 6.95 t per ha, but, bacterial leaf blight resistance is still classified as susceptible to moderately vulnerable, followed by other local rice such as Kuriak Putiah (5.92 t.ha 1), Cantik Manis (5.55 t.ha 1), Ampek Bulan Putiah (5.30 t.ha 1), and Kuriak Kusuik (4.95 t.ha 1), which are moderately resistant to brown stem leafhopper and bacterial leaf blight.

Performance test of the gripper control system on a robot arm for picking tomatoes

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

As the demand for precision agriculture intensifies, the integration of robotics into crop harvesting processes becomes imperative. This study addresses the design and evaluation of a gripper specifically tailored for a robotic arm, aiming to enhance the efficiency of tomato harvesting. The gripper is meticulously crafted, employing a 3 mm plywood material and subjected to rigorous testing at variable angles of 40Â°, 45Â°, and 50Â°. The design process initiates with a meticulous blueprint and laser printing, utilizing 3 mm plywood to create a robust gripper structure.Â Experimental trials are conducted to assess the gripper's performance under different angle configurations. The results reveal an exemplary success rate, with a 100% achievement in the successful transfer of tomatoes without incurring any damage. The gripper's adaptability to variable angles proves crucial in maintaining. the integrity of tomatoes during the harvesting process. Furthermore, data analysis encompasses crucial parameters such as gripping time, torque exerted by the gripper, and the percentage of tomatoes successfully transferred Testing results reveal a gripping time of 0.14 seconds, indicating an efficient gripper with the highest torque at a 40Â° angle. The detailed design and adaptive nature of the gripper hold promise as precision technology for tomato harvesting, contributing to discussions on the integration of robotics in agriculture, particularly in optimizing harvests. Future recommendations include enhancing the gripper's structural materials for increased durability and incorporating pressure sensors to further refine its capabilities

Analysis of growth and wilting point of chili (Capsicum annum L.) seedlings using three types of planting media

2024-02-01T17:44:47+08:00

Cayenne pepper plants are one of the plants that are susceptible to excess and lack of water during their growth period. Lack of water can cause chili seeds to not grow optimally, so chili plant nurseries need ideal media to be able to provide optimal water. This research aims to determine the growth and duration of the permanent wilting point in the growth of chili plant seeds based on differences in planting media in the form of magot compost, soil containing pumice and paddy soil under conditions without watering. The treatment in this research used three different planting media, namely compost, pumice, and paddy soil media. Providing water to chili plants by watering 3 times a day and without watering. The research method uses experimental methods with observations in the greenhouse and there are three treatments, namely using magot compost, pumice and soil media. The parameters observed included growth in height, number of leaves, and width of the plant leaves as well as the length of time to the permanent wilting point. The data from the research were analyzed using ANOVA with the help of SPSS. The results of the research showed that the compost media had the best growth with a height of 9 cm, the number of leaves was 6 pieces, and leaf width 2.9 cm, while the permanent wilting point duration of the three media used was found in compost media, which experienced the longest permanent wilting point at the age of 10 days. So it can be concluded that the best planting medium is found in maggot compost media with the highest growth and longest wilting point.

Sensory quality of cookies made from chickpea flour (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mocaf as non-gluten snacks

2024-02-01T17:44:48+08:00

Cookies are high-fat snacks made from soft dough that have a relatively crunchy texture and a solid cut shape. In an effort to reduce the use of unhealthy wheat flour, cookies can be made from other flours such as chickpea flour and mocaf flour (from cassava). The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory characteristics of cookies from the formulation of two different types of flour (chickpea and mocaf). This study used a completely randomised design (CRD), with 6 treatments, namely: K0 = 0% chickpea flour: Mocaf 100%, K1 = Chickpea Flour 15%: Mocaf 85%, K2 = Chickpea Flour 30%: Mocaf 70%, K3 = Chickpea Flour 45%: Mocaf 55%, K4 = Chickpea Flour 60%: Mocaf 40% and K5 = Chickpea Flour 75%: Mocaf 15%. The results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 applications. If different data was obtained, it was further analysed using BNJ (Differential Real Honest) at the 5% significance level. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that mixing chickpea flour and mocaf as raw material for cookies has a significant effect on all organoleptic parameters, both Skoring and hedonic methods. Where, the more the addition of chickpea flour and the less mocaf flour, all organoleptic parameters show a tendency of lower values. In conclusion, treatment K0 is the most preferred formulation by the panelists with the Skoring criteria of very yellow colour, very tasteless chickpea flavour and very non-crispy texture. The hedonic criteria for colour and flavour were highly preferred, while texture was preferred.

Exploring species and pests of stingless bee in Bengkaung Village and Buwun Sejati Village, West Lombok

2024-02-01T17:46:23+08:00

Stingless bees are highly diverse insects in Indonesia and play a role in providing ecosystem services by helping to pollinate crops and produce honey. However, pests present as an obstacle that can disrupt and reduce the number of individual bees and can even cause bees to escape from their nests. The aims of this research are to identify the species of stingless bees bred by beekeepers and to identify pests that affect stingless bees in colony boxes. The research was conducted in Bengkaung and Buwun Sejati villages from July to September 2023. The method used in this study was direct observation and survey of stingless beekeepers. Stingless bee and pest samples from boxes containing various species of stingless bees were taken to the Plant Protection Laboratory at University of Mataram for identification. Results show that four species of stingless bees are cultivated, namely Tetragonula fuscobalteata, Tetragonula biori, Tetragonula clypearis and Tetragonula sapiens. The pest species found were lizards (Gekkonidae), ants (Formicidae), spiders (Archidae), wasps (Vespidae), mites (Varroidae), beetles (Histeridae) and Assasin Bug (Reduviidae).