Uji Fitokimia Fraksi Etil Asetat Dari Propolis Lebah Kelulut Heterotrigona Itama Asal Kutai Kartanegara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31764/lf.v2i2.5496Keywords:
hytochemical, Ethyl acetate fraction, Heterotrigona itama, Propolis.Abstract
ABSTRAK
Propolis merupakan salah satu produk dikumpulkan lebah dari getah pohon dan pada umumnya memiliki warna coklat kehitaman yang digunakan pada permukaan luar sarang untuk menghindari predator luar. Produk lebah kelulut jenis Heterotrigona itama digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai upaya preventif dan pengobatan. Jenis ini juga menghasilkan propolis dengan jumlah lebih banyak dibandingkan jenis lebah bersengat, namun potensinya masih belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia fraksi etil asetat propolis lebah kelulut jenis H. itama asal Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur. Sampel propolis diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96% dan diuapkan untuk menghasilkan ekstrak etanol propolis. Kemudian dilakukan partisi cair-cair mendapatkan fraksi etil asetat. Setelah mendapatkan fraksi etil asetat, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan uji fitokimia secara kualitatif dan pengukuran kandungan total fenolik. Hasil analisa fitokimia menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat dari propolis lebah kelulut mengandung alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponin dan senyawa fenol. Pengukuran kandungan total fenolik menunjukan fraksi etil asetat memiliki kandungan fenolik 812 mg GAE/100g. Dapat disimpulkan kandungan senyawa dan total fenolik pada fraksi etil asetat propolis H. itama dari Kutai Kartanegara dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitar peternakan tersebut.
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Kata kunci: Fitokimia; Fraksi etil asetat; Heterotrigona itama; Propolis.
ABSTRACT
Propolis is one of the products collected by bees from tree sap and generally has a blackish brown color that is used on the outer surface of the hive to avoid outside predators. The product of Heterotrigona itama bee is used by the community as a preventive and treatment effort. This species also produces propolis more than stinging bees, but its potential has not been explored much. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical content of the ethyl acetate fraction of the H. itama propolis from Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. The propolis sample was extracted with 96% ethanol and evaporated to produce propolis ethanol extract. Then the liquid-liquid partition was carried out to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. This continued with qualitative phytochemical tests and measurements of total phenolics. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of propolis contained alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins  and phenolic content. The ethyl acetate fraction had total phenolic content 812 mg GAE/100g, It can be concluded that the compound and total phenolic content in the ethyl acetate fraction of H. itama propolis from Kutai Kartanegara influenced by the environment around the apiary.
Keyword: Phytochemical; Ethyl acetate fraction; Heterotrigona itama; Propolis.
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