Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum cristaefolium) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31764/lf.v2i2.5497Keywords:
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Sargassum cristaefolium, Antibacterial activity, 96% ethanol extract, Zone of inhibitionAbstract
ABSTRAK
Staphylococcus epidermidis diketahui menyebabkan infeksi kulit oportunistik termasuk menyebabkan acne vulgaris. Pemilihan bahan alam rumput laut cokelat Sargassum cristaefolium diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif baru terhadap tingginya angka resistensi bakteri akibat antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium terhadap S.epidermidis. S.cristaefolium dikumpulkan dari pantai Batu Layar Lombok dan dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%. Penelitian ini kemudian mencakup pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium (60%, 80% dan 100%) dan kontrol positif doksisiklin. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak diamati dengan metode difusi sumuran agar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji parametrik One Way ANOVA. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium mengandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid dan steroid serta memiliki daya hambat antibakteri pada konsentrasi 100% dengan diameter hambat 9.46 ± 1.60 termasuk katagori sedang, konsentrasi 80% dan 60% memiliki daya hambat lemah dengan diameter 2.63 ± 0.74 dan 1.96 ± 0.71. Bila dibandingkan kontrol positif, daya hambat ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium memiliki hasil yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan uji statistik One Way ANOVA, hasil aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol S.cristaefolium berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negative yang terlihat dari nilai p < 0.05.
Kata kunci: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Sargassum cristaefolium;
Aktivitas Antibakteri; Ekstrak etanol 96%; Zona hambat
ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus epidermidis is known to cause opportunistic skin infections including acne. The selection of natural material such as brown seaweed Sargassum cristaefolium is expected to be used as a new alternative to high number of bacterial resistance due to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of S.cristaefolium against S.epidermidis. S.cristaefolium collected from Batu Layar coast Lombok and macerated with 96% ethanol. This research  included the difference of any concentrations (60%, 80% and 100%) and doxycycline as positive control. The Antibacterial activity of the extract would be observed by agar well diffusion method. The data was then analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA parametric test. The results of phytochemical screening showed the ethanolic extract of S.cristaefolium contained alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid and steroid. The antibacterial test showed that  at the concentration of 100% S.cristaefolium had 9.46 ± 1.60 of inhibition zone diameter and it was classified in to medium category. At the concentrations of 80% and 60% S.cristaefolium were classified in to weak category.  The diameters of the inhibition zone were 2.63 ± 0.74 and 1.96 ± 0.71. The research showed doxycycline as positive control has better result than any concentrations ethanol extract of S.cristaefolium. Based on the One Way ANOVA statistical test, the results of the antibacterial activity of S.cristaefolium ethanol extract were significantly different compared to the negative control, as seen from the p value < 0.05.
Keyword: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Sargassum cristaefolium; Antibacterial activity; 96% ethanol extract; Zone of inhibition
References
Anisah, & Rahayu, T. (2015). Media Alternatif untuk Pertumbuhan Bakteri Menggunakan Sumber Karbohidrat yang Berbeda Alternative Media FOR Bacterial Growth Using a different Source of Carbohidrats, Proceeding, Seminar Nasional XII Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS Surakarta, 855-860.
Annisa, R. D., Subandiyono., dan Sudaryono, A. (2018). Pengaruh Tepung Alga Coklat (Sargassum cristaefolium) dalam Pakan Buatan terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Kerapu (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur,2(1),35-42 http://jsta.aquasiana.org/index.php/jmai/article/view/33
Bernadette, I., Sitohang, S., Fathan, H., Effendi, E., & Wahid, M. (2019). The susceptibility of pathogens associated with acne vulgaris to antibiotics. 21–27.
Chomnawang, M. T., Surassmo, S., Nukoolkarn, V. S., & Gritsanapan, W. (2007). Effect of Garcinia mangostana on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Fitoterapia, 78(6), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.019
Desrizal, Karina, I., & Mardiah, A.(2020). Microbiological Quality of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Dodol Packed with Carrageenan and Chitosan Coatings, Pakistan Journal Of Nutrition, 19(6), 309-16.
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2020.309.316
Fitri, I., & Widiyawati, D. I. (2017). Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Herba Meniran ( Phylanthus niruni) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella Sp . dan Propionibacterium acnes. 6(2).
Freire, J. F. S., Vilar, G. N., dan Filho, S. (2015). Quality Of Life, Self-Esteem And Psychosocial Factors In Adolescents With Acne Vulgaris, Anais Brasileiros Dermatolgia, 90(5), 622–9.
Garrett, J. P., & Margolis, D. J. (2012). Impact of Long-Term Antibiotic Use for Acne on Bacterial Ecology and Health Outcomes : A Review of Observational Studies. 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-011-0001-7
Guay, D. R. P. (2007). Topical clindamycin in the management of acne vulgaris. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 8(15), 2625–2664. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.8.15.2625
Hartono, L. M., Kapantow, M. G., & Kairupan, T. S. (2021). Pengaruh Menstruasi terhadap Akne Vulgaris. 9(28), 305–310.
Kartikaningsih, H., Yahya, Dayuti, S., Tumulyadi, A., & Umam, R. S. (2019). Characteristics brown seaweed tea Sargassum cristaefolium from Talango Island, Madura, East Java. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2120(July). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115620
Kumesan, Y. A. N., Yamlean, P. V. Y., Supriati, H. S., Studi, P., & Unsrat, F. (2013). Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Gel Antijerawat Ekstrak Umbi Bakung ( Crinum Asiaticum L .) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. 2(02), 18–27.
Kursia, S., Lebang, J. S., Taebe, B., Burhan, A., Rahim, W. O. ., & Nursamsiar. (2016). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etilasetat Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 3(2), 72–77.
Kusnadi, K., & Devi, E.T, (2017), Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Senyawa Falvoniid Pada Ekstrak Daun Seledri (Apium grveolens L.) Dengan Metode Refluks, Pancasakti Science Education Journal, 2(1), 56-67.
Latifah, S., & Kurniawaty, E, (2015), Stres dengan Akne Vulgaris Stress in Acne Vulgaris. Medical Journal Of Lampung University ,4(9), 129–134.
Madduluri, S., Babu Rao, K., & Sitaram, B. (2013). In Vitro Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Five Indigenous Plants Extract Against Five Bacterial Pathogens Of Human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(4), 679–684.
Made, N., Rakasari, G., Duniaji, A. S., Nocianitri, K. A., Pertanian, F. T., Pertanian, F. T., & Jimbaran, K. B. (2019). Kandungan Senyawa Flavonoid Dan Antosianin Ekstrak Kayu Secang ( Caesalpinia Sappan L .) Serta Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Vibrio cholerae. 8(2), 216–225.
Manggau, M., Damayanty, R., & M, L. (2017). Uji Efektivitas Kelembaban Sabun Transparan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Cokelat ( Sargassum Cristaefolium C . Agardh ) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Sukrosa. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, 2(1), 21–26.
Minarti, S., Idiawati, N., Sari, M., & Sofiana, J. (2019). polycystum dari perairan Pulau Lemukutan Kalimantan Barat. 2(1), 60–65.
Rosmania., & Yanti, F. (2020), Perhitungan jumlah bakteri di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi menggunakan pengembangan metode Spektrofotometri, Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 22(2), 76-86.
Sawarkar, H. A., Khadabadi, S. S., Mankar, D. M., Farooqui, I. A., & Jagtap, N. S. (2010). Development and Biological Evaluation of Herbal Anti-Acne Gel. 2(3), 2028–2031.
Sharma, A., & Sharma, K. (2011). Should Solubility and Zone of Inhibition Be the Only Criteria for Selection of Solvent in Antimicrobial Assay ? 5(5), 241–247.
Simaremare, E.S. (2014). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gatal (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd). Pharmacy, 11 (1) , 98-107.
Syafriana, V., Febriani, A., Suyatno., Nurfitri., & Hamida, F. (2021), Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sempur (Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli) Leaves against Pathogenic Microorganisms, Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, 4(2), 135-144
Triastrinurmiatiningsih, Ismanto, & Ertina. (2011). Variasi Morfologi Dan Anatomi Sargassum spp. Di Pantai Bayah Banten. Ekologia, 11(2), 1–10.
Trisia, A., Philyria, R., & Toemon, A. N. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kalanduyung ( Guazuma Ulmifolia Lam .) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus Dengan Metode Difusi Cakram ( Kirby-Bauer ), 17(2), 136–143.
Wibawa, I. G. A. E., & Winaya, K. K. (2019). Karakteristik penderita acne vulgaris di Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Indera Denpasar periode 2014-2015. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 8(11), 1–4. https://ojs.unud.ac.id
Winastri, N. L. A. P., Muliasari, H., dan Hidayati, E. (2020). Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan dan Rebusan Daun Calincung (Oxalis corniculata L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, 19(1), 223-30.
