POLA SEBARAN DAN KETERJANGKAUAN SD, SMP, DAN SMA DI KECAMATAN TAROGONG KIDUL, KABUPATEN GARUT

Abstract

Abstrak: Sekolah merupakan salah satu prasarana yang berperan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pendidikan pada masyarakat. Namun, sebaran jumlah SD, SMP, dan SMA belum merata pada setiap daerah di Indonesia, termasuk di Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran SD, SMP, dan SMA serta keterjangkauannya di Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variabel sebaran sekolah, jangkauan pelayanan sekolah, aksesibilitas, dan kepadatan permukiman. Data dalam penelitian dikumpulkan dengan memanfaatkan Google Maps, studi literatur, dan survei lapang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah nearest neighbor analysis dan buffer analysis. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan software ArcGIS Pro 2.8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi sekolah di Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul memiliki pola acak, seragam, dan mengelompok terutama di wilayah permukiman padat. Keterjangkauan sekolah negeri memiliki kesesuaian antara radius capaian sekolah berdasarkan SNI dan alamat tempat tinggal siswa, sedangkan sekolah swasta tidak. Jangkauan pelayanan sekolah swasta lebih luas sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif bagi masyarakat di luar jangkauan sekolah negeri. Abstract: Schools are one of the infrastructures that play a role in meeting the educational needs of the community. However, the distribution of the number of SD, SMP, and SMA is not evenly distributed in every region in Indonesia, including in Tarogong Kidul Subdistrict, Garut Regency, West Java. Therefore, this study aims to find out the distribution pattern of SD, SMP, and SMA and their affordability in Tarogong Kidul District. The research was conducted with the variables of school distribution, school service coverage, accessibility, and settlement density. The data in the study were collected using Google Maps, literature studies, and field surveys. The analytical method used is nearest neighbor analysis and buffer analysis. Data processing is carried out using ArcGIS Pro 2.8 software. The results showed that the location of schools in Tarogong Kidul District had a random, uniform, and clustered pattern, especially in densely populated areas. The affordability of public schools has a match between the radius of school achievement based on SNI and the student's residential address, while private schools do not. The reach of private school services is wider so that it can be an alternative for people outside the reach of public schools.