Studi Review: Evaluasi Batubara Formasi Sawahlunto sebagai Batuan Induk Hidrokarbon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31764/justek.v6i3.16686Keywords:
Hydrocarbon, Coal, Source Rock, Sawahlunto Formation, Ombilin BasinAbstract
Abstract: Hydrocarbons are still source of energies that people are interested in. This energy source does not only come from source rock of  formations and reservoirs of oil and natural gas, hydrocarbon sources can also be found in the organic depositional environment of coal formations. The Ombilin Basin in West Sumatra stores coal deposits that were formed during the Tertiary period in a non-marine environment, precisely in the Sawahlunto formation. This study aims to identify the potential of light hydrocarbons from coal as a source rock. The identification method was carried out by studying the geochemical and petrological characteristics of coal based on the literature study approach and geological survey of the basin to obtain information that the organic component of the coal of the Sawahlunto formation is dominated by vitrinite maceral. The relationship between maceral and the hydrogen/carbon ratio is plotted on a Van Krevelen diagram to determine the hydrocarbon recovery. The genesis of this coal deposit comes from plants that have the potential to produce methane coal gas or coal bed methane because it has the characteristics of bituminous class coal with high volatile content with an empirical hydrogen/carbon ratio kerogen III type of 0.65-0.7, tends to occur condensation of hydrocarbons releasing aliphatic bonds while aromatization continues increase.
Abstrak: Hidrokarbon masih menjadi sumber energi yang diminati masyarakat. Sumber energi ini tidak hanya berasal dari formasi batuan induk dan reservoir minyak bumi serta gas alam, sumber hidrokarbon juga dapat ditemukan pada lingkungan pengendapan organik formasi batubara. Cekungan Ombilin di Sumatera Barat menyimpan endapan batubara yang terbentuk selama periode Tersier pada lingkungan non laut tepatnya pada formasi Sawahlunto. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi hidrokarbon ringan dari batubara sebagai batuan induk. Metode indentifikasi dilakukan dengan mempelajari karakteristik geokimia dan petrologi batubara berdasarkan metode pendekatan studi literatur dan survey geologi cekungan hingga diperoleh informasi bahwa komponen organik batubara formasi Sawahlunto didominasi oleh maseral vitrinit. Hubungan antara maseral terhadap rasio hidrogen/karbon diplot pada diagram Van Krevelen untuk menentukan perolehan hidrokarbon. Genesis endapan batubara ini berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan yang berpotensi menghasilkan gas metana batubara atau coal bed methane karena memiliki karakteristik batubara kelas bituminus volatil tinggi tipe kerogen III dengan rasio hidrogen/karbon empiris 0,65-0,7 cendrung terjadi kondensasi hidrokarbon melepaskan ikatan alifatik sedangkan aromatisasi terus meningkat.
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