SPESIFIKASI SIMBOL KARTOGRAFIS PADA PETA TAKTUAL UNTUK KAUM TUNA NETRA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31764/paedagoria.v5i2.91Keywords:
Peta taktualAbstract
Abstrak:Tunanetra memerlukan sarana perolehan informasi yang dapat diterjemahkan dengan rabaan atau diperkuat dengan pendengaran, termasuk kebutuhan akan informasi kebumian dan atau lingkungan. Cara perolehan informasi seperti tersebut, kaum tunanetra kesulitan untuk mengetahuisebaran dan hubungan antar informasi. Peta tactual yang dikembangkan dalam ilmu kartografi, dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tunanetra terhadap representasi fenomena geografis secara keruangan. Dengan Peta taktual, penderita tunanetra dapat membaca atau mengetahui sebaran dan hubungan antar fenomena geografi dengan meraba simbol-simbol yang ada pada peta. Untuk menyusun peta taktual yang baik, simbol, informasi tepi, dan reproduksi peta perlu dirancang sesuai kebutuhan dan kemampuan tunanetra sebagai pengguna. Sayangnya, hingga saat ini ketentuan-ketentuan tersebut belum terstandardisasi secara internasional. Bertitik tolak dari permasalahan tersebut, maka pada makalah ini dicoba menguraikan tentang disain simbol peta taktual yangdiperoleh dari hasil modifikasi dari hasil pemetaan taktual kota oleh National Mapping Council of Australia; Publikasi Panduan Desain Gambar Taktual dari American Printing House; Penggunaan Variabel Taktual yang disusun oleh Vasconcellos; Spesifikasi Pemetaan Unsur Rupabumi dari BAKOSURTANAL; dan Penggunaan Variabel visual yang dikembangkan oleh Bertin Untuk Penyusunan Peta Kartografis. Hasil rancangan simbol peta taktual yang diperoleh dari modifikasi tersebut, selanjutnyadiaplikasikan untuk menyusun peta taktual Kota Yogyakarta dengan media terpilih yaitu Swell Paper, dan selanjutnya dievaluasi dengan cara mewawancarai pengguna peta (tunanetra).Dua aspek yang dievaluasi, yakni (a) jenis peta taktual yang dibutuhkan oleh kaum tunanetra di Yogyakarta, dan (b) tingkat pengenalan kaum tunanetra terhadap variabel taktual.
Abstract: Blind people need a means of obtaining information that can be translated by touching or amplified by hearing, including the need for earth and / or environmental information. How to obtain such information, the blind are difficult to know the spread and the relationship between information. A tactual map developed in cartographic science, is intended to meet the needs of the blind to the representation of spatial geographical phenomena. With taktual maps, blind people can read or know the distribution and relationship between geography phenomena by touching the symbols on the map. To construct good tactual maps, symbols, edge information, and map reproduction should be designed to suit the needs and abilities of the visually impaired as users. Unfortunately, to date these provisions have not been standardized internationally. Starting from this problem, this paper attempts to elaborate on the design of the tactual map symbol obtained from the modification of the mapping of city tactual by the National Mapping Council of Australia; Publication of the Tactual Figure Design Guide of the American Printing House; Use of Tactual Variables composed by Vasconcellos; Topographic Material Mapping Specification from BAKOSURTANAL; and the Use of Visual Variables developed by Bertin For the Creation of a Cartographic Map. The result of the tactual map symbol design obtained from the modification was then applied to formulate the tactual map of Yogyakarta City with selected media, Swell Paper, and then evaluated by interviewing the map user (blind) .These two aspects were evaluated, namely (a) the type of tactual map required by the blind in Yogyakarta, and (b) the level of blind people recognition of the tactual variables.
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